Trends+in+Physical+Education

1) “Mental Illness”. World Book Online Info Finder. World Book, 2010. Web 13 July. 2011

This article describes and defines mental illness, the different types of mental illness, causes of it, possibly treatments and the history of it.

This article is beneficial as we come across many students with mental illnesses and it is important to have some background knowledge.

2.) Gordon, Stephen. “Cutting Youth Obesity: There might be an app for that” The Globe and Mail. March 9, 2011

This article discusses how peer effects are influencing childhood obesity. It states that being a part of a peer group that has some that youth that are obese influences weight gain of others. I agree with this, as eating meals is associated with being social, and being influenced to eat poorly by those around you is easily done.

3.) Weeks, Carly. “More adults drinking, daily, smoking pot, study finds” The Globe and Mail. June 14, 2011.

The CAMH conducted a study and found that more young adults are consuming alcoholic beverages on average every day as well a high consumption of marijuana, and having symptoms of poor mental health.

4.) Livingston, Pamela. “Preventing and Treating Childhood Obesity”. World Book, 2010. Web 13 July, 2011.

The author discusses the growing concern of childhood obesity. Livingston discusses the definition of obesity, why it is increasing, the effects of obesity, treatment, and the importance of exercise and a nutritious diet for children.

5.) Freeman, Karen. “Living Long, Going Strong”. World Book, 2009. Web 13 July, 2011.

Freeman discusses the baby boom age and how more people are living well beyond the age of 60. She has researched as well as other, how the body ages and how we can fend off ageing effects.

6.) “Drug Abuse” World Book Online Info Finder. World Book, 2010. Web 13 July. 2011

This article discusses the history of drug abuse and defines it. It states the effects of abusing both legal and illegal drugs, causes and effects of drug abuse, treatment and substance abuse disorders. Drug abuse is a critical part of the curriculum and something we should be well aware of and recognize signs of drug use as well. Many students are succumbing to drug use and it is up to educators to help them make wise decisions.

7.) Heidbreder, B. “Does it pay to be a high school athlete?” The Park Place Economist. July 2011

This report explores the many topics from the healthy influence of sports on individual confidence, motivation and working in groups.

8.) Burgess, J. (2010). Curricular activities and its benefits. Retrieved from @http://education.more4kids.infor/168/extracurricular-school-activities/

This article explains the importance of extracurricular activities and how children should be involved with them. The author explains that parents should enroll their children in activities especially at the high school level.

Questions:

1.) Physical activity is as important as eating healthy, how much time per day should children be participating in physical activity?

2.) Explain 3 reasons why it is important to have a nutritious diet? And what can we do in our health classes to promote this?

3.) Define the term obesity in your own words and list 3 reasons why obesity is increasing among children today.


 * RTICLE 1) **

//**School Physical Education: More Than One-Third Of California Teens Do Not Participate. **//


 * Summary: ** Although California states requires middle and high school students to receive an average of 40 minutes a day, of physical activity, a study conducted has determined that many of its school programs are not meeting the requirements. A few of the results of the study found, depending on the county, some schools provided more opportunity for daily physical activities and boys continued to be more physically active than girls.

[|http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/227097.php]


 * ARTICLE 2) **//**1 in 5 teens at risk for heart disease: study **//


 * Summary: ** 20% of teens ages 14 and 15 has either high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or both. Either of these conditions leads to serious heart conditions, making these teens especially vulnerable to serious health issues as they age.


 * [|http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health/1-in-5-teens-at-risk-for-heart-disease-study/article1340789/] **


 * ARTICLE 3) **//**The Teens are a Critical Time for Mental Health **//


 * Summary: ** The article focuses on a program, called REACH. It’s purpose is to offer personal and specialized support for students who have not been successful in traditional classrooms, and all of whom are suffering from mental health issues, substance abuse or both.


 * [|http://www.healthzone.ca/health/article/983242] **


 * ARTICLE 4) **//**Prescription to Fight Obesity Epidemic: Turn off the TV **//


 * Summary: ** The article discusses the negative effects of excessive inactivity. The writer proposes that young people spend too much time in front of the t.v. or using electronic games and devices. It also suggests that they are more likely to consume junk food when being inactive and this contributes to their unhealthy lifestyles.

[]


 * ARTICLE 5) **//**Jamie Oliver's School Dinners Improve Exam Results, report finds **//


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary: ** The article reviews the results of a food program held in the UK, organized by Chef Jamie Oliver. The results determined that students who took advantage of the healthy dinner program, Oliver designed, demonstrated improved class success and attendance.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">[] **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Article 6) Beat Golf Putting Yips **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary: ** The article reviews the results of a study where mental imagery was used to improve the performance of golfers. The study found that visualization improved athletic performance.

[]


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Article 7) **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Mental Imagery and Visualization: How can it improve your game? **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary: ** This article reviews the efficacy of mental visualization on sports performance. It also provides mental imagery and visualization strategies exercises athletes can employ before participating in a sport or athletic challenge.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">[] **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Article 8) 10 Non-Traditional Sports to get you outdoors **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary: ** The article goes through ten non traditional sports that can be taught in a physical education class and/or as an extra-curricular. They can also be playing outside of school. Some of the activities include Geocaching, Bike Polo, Longboarding, and Extreme Croquet.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">[] **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Article 9) **//**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Junk food vs. Healthy Nutrition for Children **//


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary: ** The article talks about the difficulties parents have in instilling healthy food choices with children, given busy and hectic schedules parents typically have. The article suggests parents begin involving their children in household food management, from an earlier age.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">[] **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Article 10) **//**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Developing Kids’ Sports Skills, Leadership **//


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary: ** The article describes a sports clinic for kids, developed by a non-profit organization. The co-ed clinic focuses on developing the skills of specific sports, as well as leadership and team work skills.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">[] **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Questions: **

1) One of the articles, focusing on child health and obesity, states that children are increasingly “overweight and inactive.” What are some reasons for, or causes of, this?

2) What are some ways students, parents, and educators can encourage students to make healthier lifestyle changes?

3) All schools have introduced healthy foods and good nutrition initiatives. What are some initiatives used at your school that have proven to have some long term success?

1. We are fat. So, what’s Ontario doing about it? @http://www.thespec.com/news/ontario/article/549980--we-are-fat-so-what-s-ontario-doing-about-it

Hamilton spectator June 18, 2011


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary of Article __**

- 1 in 4 Ontario children is overweight or obese

- no strategy with dealing obesity at any level of government but doctors trying some short term quick fix.

- trying fade diets and new medical procedures (bariatric bypass) which nearly 8,000 patients referred to assessment which is newly provincially funded.

2. **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">It’s time to fight obesity, opposition parties say **

@http://www.healthzone.ca/health/dietfitness/diet/article/1012290--it-s-time-to-fight-obesity-opposition-parties-say

Toronto Star June 21, 2011


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary of Article __**

- Provincial government is going to attack obesity the same way it’s attacking the smoking issues

- Health risk of 1/3 Ontarians due to obesity and 2.1 million suffering health problems for the side effects of it.

- 60 % of Ontario adults are overweight or obese and are increasing each year

3. Doctors sound alarm on childhood obesity

[]

Windsor star September 21 2010


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary of Article __**

- doctors are concern that the grown problem of childhood obesity will overwhelm the health-care system and have no

resources to deal with the issues.

- need to understand children haven’t change but the environment in which they live in has.

- adopting policy that would benefit children


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">4. Fighting childhood obesity: Is phys-ed enough? **

[]

Cbc news June 2009


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary of Article __**

- Negative memories of phys-ed class can turn off people from exercise and sport.

- Culture of Canadian between 2 and 17 are overweight due to their sedentary lifestyle.

- Learning phys-ed basic and is phys-ed alone is that enough to over come obesity.

5. Ontario invest $22.5M in Goldring Centre

@http://www.physical.utoronto.ca/News/11-07-12/Ontario_invests_22_5M_in_Goldring_Centre.aspx


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary of Article __**

- Government has invested 22.5 million in to high performance sports complex on U of T campus.

- That this facility will have numerous specialists personnel that understand high performance sport and the players in it.

6. **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Participation in High School Physical Education—Ontario, Canada, 1999-2005 **

@http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/297/8/803.full


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary of Article __**

- **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Research project that examine a trend in Phys ed in 1999-2005 **

- **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">That participation amongst girls when it comes to gym has been on a decline over the years. **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">7. Why fad diets work well for some, but not others **

@http://esciencenews.com/articles/2010/07/28/why.fad.diets.work.well.some.not.others **__<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary of Article __**

- There maybe biological reason why some diets work well for some, but not for others

- Need to look at dieting solution on an individual base


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">8. <span style="color: #82190d; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Fad Diets and Why They Don’t Stay **

@http://www.hamovhotov.com/health/?p=158


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary of Article __**

- that its a major change in a person eating habits, which don’t provide the most nutritional

benefits

- best to adopt healthy eating and good healthy nutritious foods.

- seek out alternative (i.e. 30 min walk) before going on a diets.


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Thinking and Inquiry questions __**

1. Should the Provincial Government make physical education class mandatory from grade 1 to 12.

2. Would having more collaboration between professional in the health field, teaching and government help find solution in childhood obesity?

3. What is needed to get girls more engaged in physical education classes

Substance Use/Abuse:

1. @http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2006/12/06/teen-smokers.html

--> This article talks about alcohol and drug abuse among 15-19 year olds. The survey showed a strong correlation between teens who smoke being more likely to abuse alcohol and other drugs when compared to teens who don't smoke.

2. @http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/story/2011/02/21/man-salvia-glover-crime.html

--> This article talks about the percentage of 'Salvia' abuse in the 15-24 age group being 7.3%, according to a 2009 Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey. The biggest issue is that there are no regulations in place to make the 'natural' hallucinogenic drug a controlled substance, although, the legislative process to do so is under way.

Nutrition

1.[]

--> This article talks about issues around teenage girls and improper nutrition and eating habits due to pressures from magazines to lose weight. Some articles offer advice such as cutting out trans fats and pop. There seems to be a correlation between girls who read articles in magazines on dieting and future weight loss in unhealthy ways (eg. vomiting, binge eating, fasting, use of laxatives, smoking, etc).

2. @http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health/new-health/health-nutrition/leslie-beck/dash-diet-helps-teen-girls-battle-the-bulge/article2050504/

--> This article followed 2237 9 year old girls for 10 years, recording detailed diet information, which was then compared to a 'DASH' (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, which includes fruits, lean meats, low-fat dairy and nuts, seeds and legumes. the study found that the girls with the highest DASH scores had the smallest gains in BMI, whereas the girls with the lowest DASH scores had an average BMI greater than the cut-off that indicates being overweight. The conclusion was that a lower intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products were directly related to excess weight gain during adolescence.

3. @http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2007/01/17/nutrition-kids.html

--> Talks about the canadian government providing $250 million in funding for nationwide standards for nutritious meals and snacks. The Children's Health and Nutrition Initiative aims to provide nutrition programs for all Canadians under the age of 18. Also, the program aims to limit junk food ads aimed at children.

Skill Development

1. @http://www.thisisleicestershire.co.uk/Children-s-development-fears/story-12073726-detail/story.html

--> This article talks about physical development in children being compromised due to inactive, sedentary lifestyles. A study of 300 children aged 4+ were tested on 12 movement skills to measure posture, stability, balance and coordination (e.g. standing on one leg, walking on all fours, hopping, etc). The results showed that, of the 300 students, only 53 could do 9 or more movements. Parents are being accused of excessive use of baby walkers, baby seats and car seats, and are urged to allow their children to have free movement and play, such as rolling, crawling and standing independently.

Obesity

1. http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body/overweight_obesity.html#

--> this article discusses the increasing numbers of overweight children today, and reasons for the increase, including lack of exercise, more time in front of the TV, busy working families with less attention given to children, lack of nutritious home-cooked meals, etc. It gives guidelines on how to know if your child is overweight (BMI), the effects of obesity (high blood pressure, disrupted sleep patterns, depression, etc), causes, and prevention recommendations.

Sports Injuries

1. http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_center/exercise_safety/sports_safety.html#

--> This article discusses the cause, prevention, common types and treatment of sports injuries. For prevention, it focuses on how to use sports equipment properly, proper maintenance of playing surfaces, adult supervision and proper preparation. For types of injuries it discusses acute, overuse and re-injuries.

Thinking & Inquiry Questions

1. Should there be regulations in place in Canada to make 'Salvia' a controlled substance?

2. In your opinion, how much of an influence do magazines with diet articles have on young girls to develop unhealthy lifestyle habits in order to lose weight?

3. Do you believe that parents are aware of the possible negative effects of excessive use of baby walkers, car seats, and other restrictive devices on their baby's development? If so, do you think that they would make changes to their daily routine to allow their babies more free play and movement?

Canada’s youth face obesity epidemic, < < < [] >

Summary:

Students are resorting to poor eating habits as a coping mechanism to overcome peer pressure of being overweight. Their choices are compounding their problems. The stomp program is trying to help all students suffering with obesity.

As a physical education teacher I would address this situation in a one on one basis. The student needs to learn better skills for coping with stress and start eating and exercising in order to assist them to loose weight.

2. Gym class a day won't keep obesity at bay, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">.) “Mental Illness”. World Book Online Info Finder. World Book, 2010. Web 13 July. 2011

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article describes and defines mental illness, the different types of mental illness, causes of it, possibly treatments and the history of it.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article is beneficial as we come across many students with mental illnesses and it is important to have some background knowledge.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 2.) Gordon, Stephen. “Cutting Youth Obesity: There might be an app for that” The Globe and Mail. March 9, 2011

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article discusses how peer effects are influencing childhood obesity. It states that being a part of a peer group that has some that youth that are obese influences weight gain of others. I agree with this, as eating meals is associated with being social, and being influenced to eat poorly by those around you is easily done.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 3.) Weeks, Carly. “More adults drinking, daily, smoking pot, study finds” The Globe and Mail. June 14, 2011.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The CAMH conducted a study and found that more young adults are consuming alcoholic beverages on average every day as well a high consumption of marijuana, and having symptoms of poor mental health.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 4.) Livingston, Pamela. “Preventing and Treating Childhood Obesity”. World Book, 2010. Web 13 July, 2011.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The author discusses the growing concern of childhood obesity. Livingston discusses the definition of obesity, why it is increasing, the effects of obesity, treatment, and the importance of exercise and a nutritious diet for children.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 5.) Freeman, Karen. “Living Long, Going Strong”. World Book, 2009. Web 13 July, 2011.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Freeman discusses the baby boom age and how more people are living well beyond the age of 60. She has researched as well as other, how the body ages and how we can fend off ageing effects.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 6.) “Drug Abuse” World Book Online Info Finder. World Book, 2010. Web 13 July. 2011

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article discusses the history of drug abuse and defines it. It states the effects of abusing both legal and illegal drugs, causes and effects of drug abuse, treatment and substance abuse disorders. Drug abuse is a critical part of the curriculum and something we should be well aware of and recognize signs of drug use as well. Many students are succumbing to drug use and it is up to educators to help them make wise decisions.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 7.) Heidbreder, B. “Does it pay to be a high school athlete?” The Park Place Economist. July 2011

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This report explores the many topics from the healthy influence of sports on individual confidence, motivation and working in groups.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 8.) Burgess, J. (2010). Curricular activities and its benefits. Retrieved from <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">@http://education.more4kids.infor/168/extracurricular-school-activities/

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article explains the importance of extracurricular activities and how children should be involved with them. The author explains that parents should enroll their children in activities especially at the high school level.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Questions:

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1.) Physical activity is as important as eating healthy, how much time per day should children be participating in physical activity?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 2.) Explain 3 reasons why it is important to have a nutritious diet? And what can we do in our health classes to promote this?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 3.) Define the term obesity in your own words and list 3 reasons why obesity is increasing among children today.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **RTICLE 1)**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **//School Physical Education: More Than One-Third Of California Teens Do Not Participate.//**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Summary:** Although California states requires middle and high school students to receive an average of 40 minutes a day, of physical activity, a study conducted has determined that many of its school programs are not meeting the requirements. A few of the results of the study found, depending on the county, some schools provided more opportunity for daily physical activities and boys continued to be more physically active than girls.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> [|http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/227097.php]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **ARTICLE 2) //1 in 5 teens at risk for heart disease: study//**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Summary:** 20% of teens ages 14 and 15 has either high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or both. Either of these conditions leads to serious heart conditions, making these teens especially vulnerable to serious health issues as they age.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **[|http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health/1-in-5-teens-at-risk-for-heart-disease-study/article1340789/]**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **ARTICLE 3) //The Teens are a Critical Time for Mental Health//**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Summary:** The article focuses on a program, called REACH. It’s purpose is to offer personal and specialized support for students who have not been successful in traditional classrooms, and all of whom are suffering from mental health issues, substance abuse or both.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **[|http://www.healthzone.ca/health/article/983242]**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **ARTICLE 4)** **//Prescription to Fight Obesity Epidemic: Turn off the TV//**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Summary:** The article discusses the negative effects of excessive inactivity. The writer proposes that young people spend too much time in front of the t.v. or using electronic games and devices. It also suggests that they are more likely to consume junk food when being inactive and this contributes to their unhealthy lifestyles.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **ARTICLE 5)** **//Jamie Oliver's School Dinners Improve Exam Results, report finds//**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Summary:** The article reviews the results of a food program held in the UK, organized by Chef Jamie Oliver. The results determined that students who took advantage of the healthy dinner program, Oliver designed, demonstrated improved class success and attendance.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **[]**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Article 6) Beat Golf Putting Yips**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Summary:** The article reviews the results of a study where mental imagery was used to improve the performance of golfers. The study found that visualization improved athletic performance.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Article 7)**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Mental Imagery and Visualization: How can it improve your game?**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Summary:** This article reviews the efficacy of mental visualization on sports performance. It also provides mental imagery and visualization strategies exercises athletes can employ before participating in a sport or athletic challenge.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **[]**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Article 8) 10 Non-Traditional Sports to get you outdoors**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Summary:** The article goes through ten non traditional sports that can be taught in a physical education class and/or as an extra-curricular. They can also be playing outside of school. Some of the activities include Geocaching, Bike Polo, Longboarding, and Extreme Croquet.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **[]**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Article 9) //Junk food vs. Healthy Nutrition for Children//**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Summary:** The article talks about the difficulties parents have in instilling healthy food choices with children, given busy and hectic schedules parents typically have. The article suggests parents begin involving their children in household food management, from an earlier age.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **[]**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Article 10) //Developing Kids’ Sports Skills, Leadership//**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Summary:** The article describes a sports clinic for kids, developed by a non-profit organization. The co-ed clinic focuses on developing the skills of specific sports, as well as leadership and team work skills.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **[]**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Questions:**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1) One of the articles, focusing on child health and obesity, states that children are increasingly “overweight and inactive.” What are some reasons for, or causes of, this?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 2) What are some ways students, parents, and educators can encourage students to make healthier lifestyle changes?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 3) All schools have introduced healthy foods and good nutrition initiatives. What are some initiatives used at your school that have proven to have some long term success?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1. We are fat. So, what’s Ontario doing about it? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">@http://www.thespec.com/news/ontario/article/549980--we-are-fat-so-what-s-ontario-doing-about-it

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Hamilton spectator June 18, 2011

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **__Summary of Article__**

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- 1 in 4 Ontario children is overweight or obese

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- no strategy with dealing obesity at any level of government but doctors trying some short term quick fix.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- trying fade diets and new medical procedures (bariatric bypass) which nearly 8,000 patients referred to assessment which is newly provincially funded.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2. **It’s time to fight obesity, opposition parties say**

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">@http://www.healthzone.ca/health/dietfitness/diet/article/1012290--it-s-time-to-fight-obesity-opposition-parties-say

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Toronto Star June 21, 2011

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **__Summary of Article__**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - Provincial government is going to attack obesity the same way it’s attacking the smoking issues

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - Health risk of 1/3 Ontarians due to obesity and 2.1 million suffering health problems for the side effects of it.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - 60 % of Ontario adults are overweight or obese and are increasing each year

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3. Doctors sound alarm on childhood obesity

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Windsor star September 21 2010

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **__Summary of Article__**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - doctors are concern that the grown problem of childhood obesity will overwhelm the health-care system and have no

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> resources to deal with the issues.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - need to understand children haven’t change but the environment in which they live in has.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - adopting policy that would benefit children

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **4. Fighting childhood obesity: Is phys-ed enough?**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Cbc news June 2009

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **__Summary of Article__**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - Negative memories of phys-ed class can turn off people from exercise and sport.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - Culture of Canadian between 2 and 17 are overweight due to their sedentary lifestyle.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - Learning phys-ed basic and is phys-ed alone is that enough to over come obesity.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 5. Ontario invest $22.5M in Goldring Centre

<span style="color: #82190d; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">@http://www.physical.utoronto.ca/News/11-07-12/Ontario_invests_22_5M_in_Goldring_Centre.aspx

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **__Summary of Article__**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - Government has invested 22.5 million in to high performance sports complex on U of T campus.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - That this facility will have numerous specialists personnel that understand high performance sport and the players in it.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 6. **Participation in High School Physical Education—Ontario, Canada, 1999-2005**

<span style="color: #82190d; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">@http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/297/8/803.full

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **__Summary of Article__**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - **Research project that examine a trend in Phys ed in 1999-2005**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - **That participation amongst girls when it comes to gym has been on a decline over the years.**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **7. Why fad diets work well for some, but not others**

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">@http://esciencenews.com/articles/2010/07/28/why.fad.diets.work.well.some.not.others <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **__Summary of Article__**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - There maybe biological reason why some diets work well for some, but not for others

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - Need to look at dieting solution on an individual base

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **8. Fad Diets and Why They Don’t Stay **

<span style="color: #82190d; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">@http://www.hamovhotov.com/health/?p=158

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **__Summary of Article__**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - that its a major change in a person eating habits, which don’t provide the most nutritional

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> benefits

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - best to adopt healthy eating and good healthy nutritious foods.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> - seek out alternative (i.e. 30 min walk) before going on a diets.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **__Thinking and Inquiry questions__**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1. Should the Provincial Government make physical education class mandatory from grade 1 to 12.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 2. Would having more collaboration between professional in the health field, teaching and government help find solution in childhood obesity?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 3. What is needed to get girls more engaged in physical education classes

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Substance Use/Abuse:

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1. @http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2006/12/06/teen-smokers.html

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> --> This article talks about alcohol and drug abuse among 15-19 year olds. The survey showed a strong correlation between teens who smoke being more likely to abuse alcohol and other drugs when compared to teens who don't smoke.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 2. @http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/story/2011/02/21/man-salvia-glover-crime.html

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> --> This article talks about the percentage of 'Salvia' abuse in the 15-24 age group being 7.3%, according to a 2009 Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey. The biggest issue is that there are no regulations in place to make the 'natural' hallucinogenic drug a controlled substance, although, the legislative process to do so is under way.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Nutrition

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1.[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> --> This article talks about issues around teenage girls and improper nutrition and eating habits due to pressures from magazines to lose weight. Some articles offer advice such as cutting out trans fats and pop. There seems to be a correlation between girls who read articles in magazines on dieting and future weight loss in unhealthy ways (eg. vomiting, binge eating, fasting, use of laxatives, smoking, etc).

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 2. @http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health/new-health/health-nutrition/leslie-beck/dash-diet-helps-teen-girls-battle-the-bulge/article2050504/

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> --> This article followed 2237 9 year old girls for 10 years, recording detailed diet information, which was then compared to a 'DASH' (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, which includes fruits, lean meats, low-fat dairy and nuts, seeds and legumes. the study found that the girls with the highest DASH scores had the smallest gains in BMI, whereas the girls with the lowest DASH scores had an average BMI greater than the cut-off that indicates being overweight. The conclusion was that a lower intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products were directly related to excess weight gain during adolescence.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 3. @http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/story/2007/01/17/nutrition-kids.html

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> --> Talks about the canadian government providing $250 million in funding for nationwide standards for nutritious meals and snacks. The Children's Health and Nutrition Initiative aims to provide nutrition programs for all Canadians under the age of 18. Also, the program aims to limit junk food ads aimed at children.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Skill Development

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1. @http://www.thisisleicestershire.co.uk/Children-s-development-fears/story-12073726-detail/story.html

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> --> This article talks about physical development in children being compromised due to inactive, sedentary lifestyles. A study of 300 children aged 4+ were tested on 12 movement skills to measure posture, stability, balance and coordination (e.g. standing on one leg, walking on all fours, hopping, etc). The results showed that, of the 300 students, only 53 could do 9 or more movements. Parents are being accused of excessive use of baby walkers, baby seats and car seats, and are urged to allow their children to have free movement and play, such as rolling, crawling and standing independently.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Obesity

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1. http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body/overweight_obesity.html#

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> --> this article discusses the increasing numbers of overweight children today, and reasons for the increase, including lack of exercise, more time in front of the TV, busy working families with less attention given to children, lack of nutritious home-cooked meals, etc. It gives guidelines on how to know if your child is overweight (BMI), the effects of obesity (high blood pressure, disrupted sleep patterns, depression, etc), causes, and prevention recommendations.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Sports Injuries

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1. http://kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_center/exercise_safety/sports_safety.html#

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> --> This article discusses the cause, prevention, common types and treatment of sports injuries. For prevention, it focuses on how to use sports equipment properly, proper maintenance of playing surfaces, adult supervision and proper preparation. For types of injuries it discusses acute, overuse and re-injuries.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Thinking & Inquiry Questions

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1. Should there be regulations in place in Canada to make 'Salvia' a controlled substance?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 2. In your opinion, how much of an influence do magazines with diet articles have on young girls to develop unhealthy lifestyle habits in order to lose weight?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 3. Do you believe that parents are aware of the possible negative effects of excessive use of baby walkers, car seats, and other restrictive devices on their baby's development? If so, do you think that they would make changes to their daily routine to allow their babies more free play and movement?

<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Canada’s youth face obesity epidemic, < < < <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[] <span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">>

<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Summary:

<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Students are resorting to poor eating habits as a coping mechanism to overcome peer pressure of being overweight. Their choices are compounding their problems. The stomp program is trying to help all students suffering with obesity.

<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">As a physical education teacher I would address this situation in a one on one basis. The student needs to learn better skills for coping with stress and start eating and exercising in order to assist them to loose weight.

<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2. Gym class a day won't keep obesity at bay,

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[]

<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Summary:

<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">In a recent controlled testing, researchers found that the mandatory daily exercise was inadequate in order to maintain personal health for students.

<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">In my daily teaching schedule I would try and include some homework based readings and exercises that promote a healthy life style. This could also include a letter to the parents regarding the situation along with some options created by the students.

<span style="color: #152539; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Child Obesity Risks Death at Early Age, Study Finds, <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[]

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Summary:

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">A recent study done by The New England Journal of Medicine indicated that obese children have a high death rate at age 55 than those who were thin as children. This report has sparked a national concern in the US with new nutrition values being instituted in schools. This initiative is endorsed by the First Lady, Michelle Obama.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Once again in my own teaching I could start a healthy lunch club or even assist the cafeteria in providing a healthier menu for students to choose from. Better expainations during health class can also aid in the understanding of better nutrition.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">4. War on obesity: Does policing snacks have any effect on children’s weight?

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">< <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">[] <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">>

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Summary:

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Reports indicate that the methods schools are using to combat the issue of obesity are not working, but causing more social issues and mental issues due to their failures or difficulties. They say the changes are taking the fun out of Physical education.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">In my class the activities don't have to change, it is the beliefs and mind sets of the children that need to be altered. Educating parents about he troubles of video games could be a start.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">5. Canada's new childhood obesity strategy wastes valuable time.,

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|http://healthblog.ctv.ca/post/Canadas-new-childhood-ob]

Canada's new childhood obesity strategy wastes valuable time.,

[]

Summary:

This article indicateas that the govenment is dragging it's feet in the war against obesity in children. After assembling a group of experts and asking their opinions they chose to ignore their recommendations and talk more.

Although many of the suggestions are not viable real world applications, some are. I would like to speak to the local YMCA and see if there is a program that would allow student to have access to the facilities at a greatly reduced rate in order to motivate them to get in better shape. Any pogram that gets them off the computer and into the real world has got to be helpful.

6. Students lack healthy food options.,

[]

Summary:

This article argues that the lack of Federal support for a food program across the country is one of the causes in the increase in obesity in youth. It argues that a free meal would give students multiple benefits.

The breakfast program that runs at our school is fairly small, but it could be greatly increased through donations and support from the community. I could question students regarding their food choices and offer positive reinforcement as well as contact the local grocery stores for donations.

Do You Train Legs?” Jamison Hill, Inside Fitness Canada.

This is an article about the growing trend of many males lack of a proper and adequate training regiment. It speaks on the effects of not balancing resistance workouts of both upper and lower body and highlights the importance of working on your legs for overall improvement in every day activities.

1. When we teach a fitness class, are we making sure we focus on the importance of a fully developed body?

2. What does a balanced lower body workout routine look like?

3. Should we feel “sore” after a workout?

Adolescent’s Mental Health is related to Physical Activity operationalized in different ways. John Dwyer, Stephanie Miles, Michelle Edwards, Kenneth Allison. Physical and Health Education Academic Journal 3(1) 2011.

This article is an academic source that looks at different measures of physical activity and how they correlate with mental health, specifically amongst adolescents. The article is a dry read, but it is relevant since the research was conducted in Toronto. Findings were that participants who had more frequent moderate and vigorous physical activity had lower mental health related problems like anxiety and depression.

1. What are some policies and programs that we should promote that directly relate to improving adolescents mental health through physical activity?

2. Should we make healthy active living mandatory for this very correlation alone?

3. What other strategies can we come up with in the phys ed class to conteract the growing trend of mental health related problems?

Aboriginal Youth and Their Experiences in Physical Education: “This is what you’ve taught me.” Joannie M. Halas. Physical and Health Education Academic Journal 3(2) 2011.

A narrative on the effects of physical education class on one Aboriginal man. The author not only shares his only stories but he delves into the perspectives of others in similar situations. A real direct look at how racism from peers can halt physical participation. His underlying narrative challenges the status quo and urges physical educators to create more inclusive and culturally affirming physical education climates for all.

1. How can we actively create more inclusive and affirming classrooms?

2. Does the Aboriginal experience in Canada transcend to any other races?

3. What can we do to avoid stereotyping and racializing students of all different races?

Kids not making the grade in Phys Ed. Megan Ogilve. Toronto Star. June 27, 2007.

This was an article on a report that came out that same year regarding soaring childhood obesity rates. It interesting noted that teenagers are the most sedentary of all age groups. The article hinted that current trends in after school physical activity programs are a welcomed idea since after school hours are the “danger-zone” for youth and the essential time zone for their bad habits.

1. 90 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, is that a realistic guideline or an unattainable ideal in today’s society?

2. Due to the soaring levels of childhood obesity, should we think about implementing physical education even earlier than we do now?

3. Why is after-school so troublesome to kids?

New report urges mandatory phys-ed in Ontario schools. Globe and Mail. Karen Howlett. June 21, 2011

This is an article essentially commenting on the Ontario government’s plan to spend a portion of the “sin” taxes it collects on cigarette and alcohol and use the money on promoting healthy active living while making physical education mandatory across Ontario schools. Considerations for this new action plan stem from the realization that most of our health problems come from the young and the old. This action plan is a way of bring health back to the community and halting the downward spiral that is facing our younger generations.

1. Do you think that mandatory physical education in school will do anything to change the current trend of unhealthy, sedentary lifestyles of the young?

2. What other measures can the government take to promote a more healthy future?

3. How much difference do you think marketing healthy active living will do?

Gym class a day wont keep obesity at bay. Toronto Star. Noor Javed. March 2009

Article published in the Toronto start in 2009 supporting the opinion that compulsory gym class does very little to stifle the childhood obesity epidemic. The article make the general assumption that gym class is not going to cause a change for another decade or so. Not the greatest article to back up an argument on as it uses statistics like BMI (body mass index), which are high inaccurate measurements of health and fitness.

1. If gym class won’t help, what methods in the school can be utilized to help childhood obesity?

2. Is this article slanted in any way?

3. What can we do to speed up the process of reverse the unhealthy state we have created?

Worrisome trend in women’s hockey. Toronto Star. Nov 2008. Mary Ormsby

Stemming from incidents that took place at a Leaside Collegiate women’s hockey game, the article looks at a growing trend of violence, contact, and concussions in women’s hockey. Drawing references from the growing epidemic in football, the writer questions what we can do to prevent concussions and overt physicality in women’s sports.

1. Should girls’ sports have different rules on physicality than boys’ sports in high school?

2. What can we do as coaches to make students and parents aware of the risks involved in physical sports like football and hockey?

3. Is it our job to protect our students, our is it enough to simply make them aware of the risks involved?

OFSAA decision stirs gender-equity debate. Toronto Star. April 2010. David Grossman.

A commentary on the decision of OFSAA to revise its policy of banning girls from boys’ teams if the school had a girls’ team. Courtney Greer was the catalyst that stirred the gender-equity debate when she threatened to sue because she was prevented from playing on a boys’ soccer team. The decision to go ahead and let girls try and play for boys’ teams came down with mixed results. Some like how the rule was while other think it’s a step in the right direction for gender equity.

1. Do you think girls should be able to participate in boys sports teams if there is that same girls sports team at the school?

2. Should we change the rules for contact sports, should girls be allowed to play football?

3. What about the case of a boy wanting to play for a girls’ team?

[]

This article focuses on how child obesity is linked to the media. Not only watching tv and reducing their amount of exercise, but also the advertisements that are usually run during youth programs. Children are constantly seeing ads for fast food, junk food, etc. which isn’t encouraging to a healthy lifestyle.

[]

This article talks about ways to measure obesity and try to maintain it. Discusses a program in US schools to monitor calorie intake of the students. Students need to have parental permission but the schools will be providing nutritional meals while at school for these students.

[]

This article focuses on the alarmingly high numbers of obese children and the diseases that this can lead to. It discusses many nutritional options to ensure children are eating healthy, and getting the well-balanced meals they need to be healthy.

[]

This article focuses on the high number of female teens using prescription drugs. Says that amongst this group amphetamines are replacing marijuana and alcohol, more then they are with other teens.

[]

This article focuses on the use of prescription drugs by teens in Ontario. Discusses the street value of these drugs and how easily the are accessible to teens.

[]

This article focuses on teen alcohol consumption in Southwestern Ontario. Says the rate is much higher then the rest of the province. Talks about the bad decisions teens make when binge drinking, for example driving impaired.

[]

This article focuses on the actual costs involved with being overweight. It discusses how many youth are overweight in Canada and some of the underlying causes to this. The costs relate mainly to healthcare and disability insurance for the obese who cannot work.

[]

An article about a parent starting a charity in the York Region against drugs at school. The reason she started this charity was because her son was consuming marijuana.

Questions:

1. Why do you feel child obesity is such an issue?

2. What ways do you think your school can help with better nutrition and physical activities

I feel child obesity is such an issues because of multiple reasons. Convenience foods which in many cases are processed make it much easier for parents to put together a meal once they arrive from work. Also, the media and advertising does not have huge billboards of healthy food options, however McDonalds and other fast food companies are advertised everywhere. I think not having the proper knowledge regarding healthy living has much to do with child obesity, as well as convenience. We live in a busy society where convenience and processed foods are both quicker and cheaper to consume.

[]

This article focuses on how child obesity is linked to the media. Not only watching tv and reducing their amount of exercise, but also the advertisements that are usually run during youth programs. Children are constantly seeing ads for fast food, junk food, etc. which isn’t encouraging to a healthy lifestyle.

[]

This article talks about ways to measure obesity and try to maintain it. Discusses a program in US schools to monitor calorie intake of the students. Students need to have parental permission but the schools will be providing nutritional meals while at school for these students.

[]

This article focuses on the alarmingly high numbers of obese children and the diseases that this can lead to. It discusses many nutritional options to ensure children are eating healthy, and getting the well-balanced meals they need to be healthy.

[]

This article focuses on the high number of female teens using prescription drugs. Says that amongst this group amphetamines are replacing marijuana and alcohol, more then they are with other teens.

[]

This article focuses on the use of prescription drugs by teens in Ontario. Discusses the street value of these drugs and how easily the are accessible to teens.

[]

This article focuses on teen alcohol consumption in Southwestern Ontario. Says the rate is much higher then the rest of the province. Talks about the bad decisions teens make when binge drinking, for example driving impaired.

[]

This article focuses on the actual costs involved with being overweight. It discusses how many youth are overweight in Canada and some of the underlying causes to this. The costs relate mainly to healthcare and disability insurance for the obese who cannot work.

[]

An article about a parent starting a charity in the York Region against drugs at school. The reason she started this charity was because her son was consuming marijuana.

Questions:

1. Why do you feel child obesity is such an issue?

2. What ways do you think your school can help with better nutrition and physical activity for everyone?

3. Why do you think many teens have turned to prescription medication for recreational use?

Trends in Physical Education: Youth Obesity

Article 1

[]

__Cutting youth obesity: theremight be an app for that__

Article talks about the “peer effect”. Thisis where the peer group that you belong too can explain why or why not you areobese.

Article 2

[|www.cbc.ca/sports/summit/building.html]

__Summit on Sports: Building aBase__

Article talks about the spending cuts inphysical education and community initiatives. Points out the positives of having youths engage in sports and fitness,and how it steers youth away from substance abuse.

Article 3

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__‘National dialogue’ totackle childhood obesity__

Article talks about creating a forum wherethe public can post ideas that the minister can take to the summit thisfall. The talk is about how to get therising obesity rate, especially teens down.

Article 4

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__Child Obesity: Who isresponsible?__

This article looks at the posting that weremade on the public forum about childhood obesity. Topics such as poverty, community and schoolswhere addressed.

Article 5

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__Screen-time battle won’t cutchild obesity__

Article points out that after the age of sixthe initatives to get kids away from the screen is more difficult.Interventions where held at schools, communities and clinics.

Article 6

__[]__

__Canada’s youth face obesityepidemic__

Article explores the lives of teenagedindividuals who are overweight. Talk about the pressures at school and how theycope. Mentions the lack of strategies there are to combat the disease in the province.

Article 7

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Battling the Bulge: Students and Obesity inCanada

Article explores reasons why student areobese and what is considered obesity by standards. It also talks about what schools are doing tocombat obesity and phys ed class is not enough. It focuses on a school in Aurora that it feels it consciously battlingobesity.

Article 8

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Fighting childhood obesity: Is Phys Edenough?

The article explores reasons why student areobese. It also talks about that in phyed, team sports can be a barrier to participating. Instead instruction should be to skills thatthe students can take with them until the die.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary Questions **

In your opinion, do you feel that a peergroup could affect the decisions you make? Why or why not? Use points from article to support.

Why do you think obesity in youth is on therise?

How would you combat obesity in our school? Explain why it would or would not besuccessful?

I think child obesity is on the rise because of technology. Technology has helped us of course with health care and things like that, but children are not active enough these days. I think PhysEd should be mandatory throughout all of high school, and students should be encouraged to be involved in sports or other physical activities. As a society we are less connected because of computers and cellphones, and parents don't have the time to go on walks with their children or play active games. It is just easier to let them play a video game or watch a tv show. I think physical activity is something that our country needs to focus on as obesity is rising amongst all Canadians.

I think that peer groups significantly affect the decisions people make. Food and eating is based upon socialization, so the people we hang around and our students are socializing with most definitely affect their meal choices. Our phys-ed classes are not the only classrooms that should be discussing making healthy eating choices. It is important that we influence students in a positive manner. Act to what we preach.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Fighting childhood obesity: Is phys-ed enough? **

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Two-thirds of Canadian children are not physically active enough to gain health benefits that would offer protection from heart disease and Type 2 diabetes. The culprit seems to be television watching which reduces children’s exercise time and causes sleeplessness.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Childhood diet linked to adult weight gain, study says **

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A new study out of the University of Calgary proposes that an adult's tendency to gain weight is directly linked to early childhood diet.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Obesity rates higher among minority girls **

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Study finds that black, Hispanic and Aboriginal girls have two to three times higher odds of having a high body-mass index compared to white girls. A message tailored to each demographic needs to be sent. Additionally, sleep patterns need to be addressed.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Falling short in the obesity fight **

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Obesity cuts lives short and costs our country billions in health-care dollars. However, not enough effort is being put into the fight against obesity. We continue to be too sedentary and we eat too many foods that are high in fat, sugar and salt. We haven’t changed our ways and our government haven’t done much to urge us along.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Obesity fuels growing ‘boy-boob’ problem **

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Scientists speculate that obesity is the cause for the growing problem of “boy-boobs”. There are growing cases of teenage boys with breasts so well developed that they require surgery to reduce them.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Obesity may delay puberty in boys **

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Overweight boys tend to start puberty at a later age than their less-heavy peers.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Childhood obesity in girls can lead to early onset of puberty, study suggests **

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It is very probable that girls who are obese by the age of four are significantly more likely to hit puberty before their 10th birthday. Early puberty often leads to increased psychological and social problems, early alcohol consumption and smoking. There can be long-term implications for the children.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Neck Size Can Screen Kids for Obesity **

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The circumference of a child's neck has been shown to be a reliable way to help screen youngsters who may be overweight or obese, a new study shows. Researchers took measurements of more than 1,100 youths ages 6-18 and determined that neck circumference correctly identified a high proportion of young children and adolescents who are overweight or obese.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Inquiry Questions: **

1- What role should the Physical Education teacher play in combating childhood obesity?

2- Considering the implications to our healthcare system, how should governments respond to warnings of a looming obesity crisis?

3- To prepare students for a lifetime of healthy eating, should meal preparation be added to the physical education curriculum? rends in Physical Education: Youth Obesity

Article 1

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__Cutting youth obesity: theremight be an app for that__

Article talks about the “peer effect”. Thisis where the peer group that you belong too can explain why or why not you areobese.

Article 2

[|www.cbc.ca/sports/summit/building.html]

__Summit on Sports: Building aBase__

Article talks about the spending cuts inphysical education and community initiatives. Points out the positives of having youths engage in sports and fitness,and how it steers youth away from substance abuse.

Article 3

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__‘National dialogue’ totackle childhood obesity__

Article talks about creating a forum wherethe public can post ideas that the minister can take to the summit thisfall. The talk is about how to get therising obesity rate, especially teens down.

Article 4

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__Child Obesity: Who isresponsible?__

This article looks at the posting that weremade on the public forum about childhood obesity. Topics such as poverty, community and schoolswhere addressed.

Article 5

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__Screen-time battle won’t cutchild obesity__

Article points out that after the age of sixthe initatives to get kids away from the screen is more difficult.Interventions where held at schools, communities and clinics.

Article 6

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__Canada’s youth face obesityepidemic__

Article explores the lives of teenagedindividuals who are overweight. Talk about the pressures at school and how theycope. Mentions the lack of strategies there are to combat the disease in the province.

Article 7

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Battling the Bulge: Students and Obesity inCanada

Article explores reasons why student areobese and what is considered obesity by standards. It also talks about what schools are doing tocombat obesity and phys ed class is not enough. It focuses on a school in Aurora that it feels it consciously battlingobesity.

Article 8

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Fighting childhood obesity: Is Phys Edenough?

The article explores reasons why student areobese. It also talks about that in phyed, team sports can be a barrier to participating. Instead instruction should be to skills thatthe students can take with them until the die.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Summary Questions **

In your opinion, do you feel that a peergroup could affect the decisions you make? Why or why not? Use points from article to support.

Why do you think obesity in youth is on therise?

How would you combat obesity in our school? Explain why it would or would not besuccessful?

I think child obesity is on the rise because of technology. Technology has helped us of course with health care and things like that, but children are not active enough these days. I think PhysEd should be mandatory throughout all of high school, and students should be encouraged to be involved in sports or other physical activities. As a society we are less connected because of computers and cellphones, and parents don't have the time to go on walks with their children or play active games. It is just easier to let them play a video game or watch a tv show. I think physical activity is something that our country needs to focus on as obesity is rising amongst all Canadians.

I think that peer groups significantly affect the decisions people make. Food and eating is based upon socialization, so the people we hang around and our students are socializing with most definitely affect their meal choices. Our phys-ed classes are not the only classrooms that should be discussing making healthy eating choices. It is important that we influence students in a positive manner. Act to what we preach

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Childhood Nutrition and Obesity

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Article #1

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Pass child nutrition bill: Michelle Obama (@http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/08/02/us-usa-obama-idUSTRE6710DS20100802)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article discusses how Michelle Obama is putting pressure on the congress to pass a bill that would force schools to amend their nutritional standards.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Article #2

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> How the New Childhood Nutrition Act Will Affect Your School (@http://www.teachhub.com/news/article/cat/14/item/605)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article is about a new childhood nutrition act that was signed by Pesident Obama. This nutrition act is meant to provide better food and nutrition in schools, expand education and awareness of proper nutrition, and finally to fight hunger through increased meal programs.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Article #3

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Schools, communities share responsibility for child nutrition (@http://www.physorg.com/news200570171.html)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article describes a paper that was recently published by the American Dietetic Association (ADA). The ADA’s paper addresses their position as to where the responsibility should lie when it comes to providing healthy and affordable meals to children.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Article #4

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Guidelines for Enhancing Health & Nutrition in Childhood Classrooms

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> (@http://www.livestrong.com/article/416661-guidelines-for-enhancing-health-nutrition-in-childhood-classrooms/)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article addresses the fact that currently there is a trend of unhealthy students in the United States. There is no distinct answer to the problem but the article offers some suggestions. (Encouraging breakfast, limiting unhealthy options, protecting athletics…)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Article #5

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> School Lunches and Childhood Obesity (@http://www.livestrong.com/article/275548-school-lunches-and-childhood-obesity/)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article is about the profound effect that a school cafeteria and the food they serve, has on the health of young people. The article addresses meal programs, menu makeovers, and lessons learned by the people providing healthy alternatives to our youth.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Article #6

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Organizations for Improving School Lunches in California (@http://www.livestrong.com/article/234904-organizations-for-improving-school-lunches-in-california/)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article describes programs that have been implemented in California to deal with the lack of nutritious lunches in the school system. They article suggests that the best way to fight unhealthy lifestyles for children is to educate parents, teaching staff, and cafeteria workers.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Article #7

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> How to Promote Weight Gain in Children (@http://www.livestrong.com/article/199142-how-to-promote-weight-gain-in-children/)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> So much time and effort is spent focusing on childhood obesity that many people forget that healthy weight gain can also be a health risk for young children. This article offers three steps to healthy weight gain and eating strategies.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Article #8

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> How to Get a 6 Year Old to Eat Healthy Foods (@http://www.livestrong.com/article/247937-how-to-get-a-6-year-old-to-eat-healthy-foods/)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article addresses the childhood obesity epidemic in the United States and offers six steps to help parents teach their young children to eat responsibly.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Inquiry Questions:

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1) How as educators can we teach and model strategies to effectively combat childhood obesity?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 2) With the growing trend of meal programs at schools is it the responsibility of the people running the programs to accommodate to students specific dietary needs? (allergies, religious restrictions etc..)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 3) How can a school board provide its staff the knowledge needed to teach and model a healthy lifestyle?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> How as educators can we teach and model strategies to effectively combat childhood obesity?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> There are many ways in which we can teach and model strategies to combat childhood obesity. Teachers should challenge students to analyze the nutritional value of the food they consume. Teachers could achieve curriculum expectations in a variety of subjects other than in health classes, including math and science by having students answer this question. Students should also be encouraged to develop their critical thinking skills in terms of theOntario Ministry of Education Policy/Program Memorandum No. 150 School Food and Beverage Policy that will be implemented in September, 2011.The policy states that principals can choose 10 "special event" days during which less healthy foods can be sold on school premises. Was this a political decision so schools can still have their traditional pizza and other junk food fund-raising days. What will be the impact of the guideline that candy, energy drinks and fried foods can no longer be sold in schools? Will it mean that students will bring them from home or buy them at lunch in the local plaza? If educators are serious about combating childhood obesity, they have to engage students and parents in changing the culture of the school in the same way other initiatives such as “green schools” have been implemented. Together they have to develop an awareness of the dangers of unhealthy food choices, change attitudes and create an action plan that will really make a difference.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **Three Inquiry Questions**
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1. How can teachers use the interactive tools located on the “Health Canada” website to teach students to make healthier food choices?
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">2. What is the most effective way to change a school culture so that students, schools staff and parents will collaborate to enforce school smoking policies?
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">3. What is the impact of using vodcasts as a teaching tool in Physical Education class in terms of student engagement and achievement?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">SKILL DEVELOPMENT **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Reilly, Erin and Kellie A. (2011). Shumack " Video podcasting in physical education: this method can expand the use of visual demonstrations for teaching and practicing movement skills." //The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance//. p. 39.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> In this article, the authors note that “since visual demonstrations are an important component of learning essential skills and techniques” in physical education, the primary goal of their article is to explain how to create a video podcast or a "vodcast."Additionally, they provide examples and information regarding audio-only podcasts and enhanced podcasts that can be used to enhance instruction. They note that vodcasts can be used to demonstrate many kinds of skills, which students can review outside the classroom. Vodcasts demonstrating specific skills can also be used to “enhance mental practice” by asking students to observe the video and then “imagine themselves performing the skill exactly as it is demonstrated.” The option to include voice or text instructions should also be considered. Vodcasting can also be used to record “demonstrations of plays that must be memorized for a specific team sport.” In addition to rules and strategies, safety instructions for games and sports can also be demonstrated.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 2

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Workbooks in Physical Education A Guide to Their Creation and Use

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Elian Aljadeff-Abergel, Shiri Ayvazo. (2011). "Workbooks in Physical Education A Guide to Their Creation and Use." //Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance//. Vol. 82, Iss. 1; p. 23-28.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article illustrates how a workbook was constructed and used in a power-walking unit in a physical education class. The authors describe four major outcome of the workbook. First, all students who participated in class performed at least 30 minutes of power-walking, which comprised 66% of the period. Second, students' “cognitive knowledge” improved. The authors use the “completion of the prescribed assignments and homework” as evidence. Further evidence included the fact that students used what they had learned while walking to school in the morning. For example, one student indicated she consistently monitored her heart rate to ensure that she was walking at the correct pace. Third, the workbook sparked and improved students' interest in physical activity Evidence used was the quality of responses during the lessons and at the end of the unit. Some students even wanted to learn additional strength-training exercises to perform at home. Fourth, the workbook “unexpectedly improved the status of physical education” in the school. Students and teachers began to regard physical education more favourably. Overall, the authors feel that there is sufficient evidence that workbooks in physical education contribute to students' cognitive learning, motivation, and engagement in physical activity.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **NON-TRADITIONAL VS TRADITIONAL SPORTS**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 3

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Sension-Hall, Debra. (2011). An Introduction to Orienteering Skills. //Journal of Physical// //Education//, //Recreation & Dance//. Vol. 82, Iss. 1. p. 16-23.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article describes how compasses can be useful tools for teaching “the basics of navigation,” because in outdoor recreation it is important “to knowing where you are, where you are going, and how to get there.” The author introduces enjoyable introductory navigation skills, and this article describes how they can be used as “innovative, non-traditional activities in physical education.” In addition to improving their navigation skills, learning to use a compass can help to “reinforce math skills, reasoning, and creativity.”

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> In addition to the "low tech" compasses, the author’s grade eight class used GPS units. Senison-Hall notes that “compass knowledge is a good springboard for GPS use, and it provides a historic connection to early navigation methods.” She also notes that several compass activities can be modified and used with GPS systems as well. Furthermore, GPS units have a greater "cool factor" with students. Students should also be made aware of orienteering clubs and competitions.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Web site: [|http://www.aahperd.org.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Resource Location []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 4

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Szigeti, Meighan. (2011). “Right to Play uses sport and play to build life skills.” New Vision.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> On New Vision, Uganda’s leading website, Meighan Szigeti posted information about a new program called Right To Play that helps some of the most disadvantaged children of the world by “using the power of sport and play for development, health and peace.” Right to Play began operating in 2001, in Kampala, Uganda, working with refugees. Later, it expanded to other areas of the country. The goal of Right To Play is to use sport and play to build life skills. This organization collaborates with several organizations to reach disadvantaged children and youth. The primary focus is not on children attending schools, but on children with disabilities, and those living in poverty. Part of the implementation plan is to train workers, teachers and volunteers as coaches, so that they will be able to provide leadership. The Kampala Projects partner organizations include: “Lubya Youth Manpower Development Agency, Uganda National Association of the Blind, Uganda Society for Disabled Children, the Community of Naguru, Umoja women's group, and Hope clinic.” Over 5000 children have benefited from the work of 1500 coaches. The Red Ball Child Play and Live Safe Play Safe resources are used to teach not only life skills, but also “change attitudes and beliefs related to HIV/AIDS.”

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> An important part of the program involves mentoring children to become leaders and giving them “junior leader roles.” This helps to sustain the implementation of sport and play activities in the communities. There is also a special leadership component for girls as well. Right To Play's values reflect the following best practices of sport and play: “co-operation, hope

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> integrity, leadership, dedication, respect, enthusiasm, nurture. The headquarters of Right to Play is based in Toronto, Canada. The CEO and Executive Team work with an International Board of Directors from ‘The Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.” The National Office has a mandate to “raise funds, build awareness for Right To Play programs and advocate for Sport for Development with national governments.” Right to Play is a great example of a social justice issue that Health & Physical Education departments might become involved in.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> **SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 5

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Hahn, Ellen, Noland, Melody Noland, Rayends, Mary Kay Rayens, Riggs, Richard S., Riker, Carol and Ruth Staten. (2011). "Student and principal perceptions of school tobacco policy." //American Journal of Health Education//. 42.1, p41. //SCHOLARSPORTAL//. www.scholarsportal.com.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The goal of this study is to demonstrate how important enforcement of no-tobacco policies is in terms of providing a safe, healthy environment for students. In this research project, a comparison of student and principal perception of “enforcement of school tobacco policy in a school district with a tobacco-free policy was made. A second purpose of the study was to “explore perceived barriers to enforcement and factors related to enforcement beliefs and perception of smoking. Students completed surveys in five high schools and administrators from those schools were interviewed.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The results were very interesting in that student and principal perceptions “varied dramatically” concerning the enforcement in the school’s tobacco policy. Only 8% of students perceived that students followed the rules about smoking “all/most of the time.” The number of smokers “was overestimated by nearly three- quarters of students (73%).” The report also noted that “predictors of beliefs about number of tobacco rules were: smoking status, number of places students were seen smoking and number of problems reported with smoking.” Principals indicated that barriers included “lack of supervisory help and that tobacco is physically addicting.” The conclusion of the study noted that “student perception of how well tobacco policies are enforced should not be ignored by administrators because it is related to smoking behaviour. In terms of implications to “Health Education Practice,” it was recommended that “to change the culture in schools, teachers, students, staff, administrators and parents must be educated about the tobacco policy, and tobacco rules must be consistently enforced.”

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The research concluded that “student perceptions regarding enforcement should not be ignored by administrators, because these perceptions are related to actual smoking behavior” and principals must be dedicated to the enforcement policy for it to work. Therefore, they must not be reluctant to request teachers to do their part. Students should be informed about the actual number of people their age actually do smoke to address the misperception that "everybody smokes." Students could be actively recruited to engage in “a social marketing campaign that discourages smoking and raises awareness of the effects of second-hand smoke on non-smokers.” Furthermore, “cessation programs should be initiated and allowed during the school day if necessary.” Parents can help by enlisting the support of the superintendent, the school board and principals for enforcement of the rules and establishment of cessation programs.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 6

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Rubin, Rita.msnbc.com contributor. Update

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> On June 29, 2011 Rita Rubin summarized a report that suggested that “nearly half of all U.S. high school students currently smoke drink or use other drugs, and a third of users meet the medical criteria for addiction.” Rubin noted that the lead researcher concluded that adolescent substance use is "the number one public health problem any way you look at it." As the vice president and director of policy research and analysis at The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, at Columbia University, Rubin called it “an epidemic." She acknowledges that even though “teen use of cigarettes, marijuana and prescription drugs has declined in recent years, … the use of smokeless tobacco has been rising since 2003. This over 400-page CASA report has been called the “most comprehensive look at teen substance use to date.” It was partially based on “nationally representative online surveys of 1,000 high school students, 1,000 parents of high school students and 500 school personnel, including teachers, principals, counsellors and coaches.”

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The findings include: “Three-fourths of high school students have smoked cigarettes, drunk alcohol or used another drug, alcohol is the most preferred addictive substance among high school students, followed by cigarettes, marijuana and controlled prescription drugs, such as narcotic painkillers, two-thirds of high school students have used more than one addictive substance, a quarter of teens who responded to the CASA survey said they consider marijuana to be harmless, and about one in six view it as medicine. The report concluded that the “younger people are when they start using addictive substances, the greater the likelihood they'll become addicted. Rubin also noted that since the “teen brain is primed to take risks including experimenting with these substances and, because it is still developing, it is more vulnerable to their harmful effects."

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The report also noted that “although 1.6 million U.S. high school students meet the clinical criteria for an alcohol or drug use disorder -- defined by the National Institute on Drug Abuse as "characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and use despite harmful consequences" -- only about 100,000 have received treatment in the past year.” The report also suggests that it is regrettable that many parents are unaware of the impact of substance use and thus are not keeping their children safe. Furthermore, health care professionals are not trained properly to diagnose and treat disorders. Additionally, insurance companies are hesitant to pick up the costs of treatment.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> NUTRITION

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 7

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Ontario Ministry of Education. (2010). Policy/Program Memorandum No. 150

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> SCHOOL FOOD AND BEVERAGE POLICY. []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> In September 2011, the Ontario Ministry of Education will implement the new School Food and Beverage Policy on the sale of food in publicly funded elementary and secondary schools across the province. Canada’s Food Guide recommendations make it easy for schools to determine which foods they can and cannot sell. Candy, energy drinks and fried foods are among the items that will no longer be sold in schools. In addition, 80 per cent of the new school menu must include products with the highest levels of essential nutrients and lowest amounts of fat, sugar and sodium. This includes fresh fruit, vegetables and whole grain breads. As well, 20 per cent of the new menu may include products that have slightly higher amounts of fat, sugar, and sodium. These items include bagels and cheese. The goal of the policy is to improve the nutritional quality of food sold in schools. However, the policy does permit 10 "special event" days during which less healthy foods can be sold on school premises.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Hopefully, this makes schools a place where students can practise healthy eating habits.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 8

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Interactive Tools: Nutrition Labelling []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> On the Health Canada website there is a section that teachers can use to encourage students to make healthier choices by learning how to use the Nutrition Facts table and interactive tools that allow them to compare food products in terms of their nutritional value. They can use another interactive tool that allows them to see how the amount of food you eat “changes the quantity of calories and nutrients you get from a food.” The Nutrition Facts table gives students information on the “amount of 13 core nutrients and <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|calories] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> in an <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|amount of food] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">.” This information and the “and the <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|% Daily Value (% DV)] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">” should be chosen in order to choose foods that promote health.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 1.Fuel Like a Champion: Nutrition for Young Athletes ( <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Thisarticle is written by youth nutrition expert Mitzi Dulan and she discusses the importance of eating the right foods for performance. Dulan explains the truth about sports drink and provides proper hydration tips for before, during and after exercise. She continues to talk about other forms a recovery such as eating the right foods for recovery and how gain weight safely. Finally Dulan provides anout line of a meal plan for a young athlete.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article provided a lot of information that I can use within the classroom, but more importantly with the different sports teams that I coach. Informing both the athlete and the parents about the importance of proper nutrition will have long term benefits and the athlete will be able to perform to the best of their ability.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 2.Cereal Facts: Evaluating the Nutrition Quality and Marketing of Children’s Cereals

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ( <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article focuses on the nutrition quality of children’s cereals and how the companies use marketing to get children to purchase their brands. This lengthy article goes into grave detail about the marketing methods used by cereal companies to influence children to eat their products. These include tv commercials, internet sites, facebook pages, contest and games, ect. The most interesting part of this article is when they break down the nutritional content of each cereal and explains which ones are better for you health wise.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> I found this article full of useable resource for the classroom. Not only does this article explain the nutritional facts about specific cereals, it also explains how companies use marketing to influence people. Within the classroom,I would be able to teach about how marketing has an effect on what students eat. But more importantly I can use the many tables and graphs in this articleto show my students what is in the cereal they eat.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 3.Childhood Obesity: Study Shows a Little Money Buys a Lot of Calories at CityStores

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ( <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article focuses on a survey conducted in the United States on kids who visit corner stores and what they purchases. Although this article is based in the United States, it is still an issue within Canada. The article mentions that of the 800 kids surveyed 53% of them shopped at corner stores once a day, five days a week and 29% went both before and after school (Borradaile, 2009).Furthermore, the article explained that kids would purchase about 360 caloriesof food and beverages per visit, with chips, candy and pop topping the list (Borradaile,2009). The article also tries to provide a solution to this problem by mentioning that corner stores should carry more fresh fruit, promote water, and have single-serving snacks.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> In the classroom, I would explain to my students the importance of eating healthy and teach them about healthier options to purchase when visiting the corner store. Furthermore, providing students with facts about the serious health issue that can develop from eating unhealthy foods, is another way to move them towards healthy eating.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 4.Feeding Your Teenager: Parents can help teens learn to make healthy food choices

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ( <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article explores the important role parents play in making sure their teenagers choose to live a healthy lifestyle by eating the proper foods. The article also provides examples of which foods teenagers need to help their growing bodies.Furthermore, the article focuses on teenage girls and how eating healthy can help self image. The author also provides suggestions on healthy snack and physical activity. Finally, the article suggests that parent set an example for their teenagers by being active and eating healthy.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> As a teacher, it’s important to not only teach or students about healthy eating but we need to set the example. In my class, students are allowed to eat whenever they choose; however, I do not allow junk food (chips, pop, ect). By doing this, and teaching about creating healthy habits that the students will eventually start to cut out junk food.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 5.Kids Are Getting Amped on Caffeine, Even at Age 5

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ( <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article focuses on the amount of caffeine that youth today are putting intotheir bodies. The article mentions that children as young as the age 5 are drinking roughly 52 milligrams of caffeine a day, which is one pop and that teenagers are having the equivalent of three. The article explains that today’s youth are on the verge of developing a caffeine addiction as they age.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> Again,informing students that water is a healthier option than consuming surgery drinks such as pop. Having them aware of the damages that sugar and caffeine can do to the human body, will hopefully have them thinking twice before having a pop.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 6.A Guide to Eating for Sports

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ( <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article explores the nutrition that an active teen athlete needs to perform at their best. The article explains the importance of eating extra carbs when preparing for a big game. The article also focuses on the use of supplements when training and which vitamins and minerals young athletes should take.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article provided me with information that I can teach to my athletes that are looking to take the next step to university or college level sports.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> 7.Eating Well While Eating Out

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> ( <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|http://kidshealth.org/teen/nutrition_fitness_center/nutrition/eating_out.html#] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> This article provides information for teens that encourages them to make healthy choice while eating out. It provides tip for eating out at restaurants, malls,fast-food places, and the school cafeteria.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> As a teacher it’s important to explain to students that it’s ok to eat out and spurge once and a while. However, they need to develop good eating habits and since many teens are eating on the go it’s important to let them know that there are healthy choices while eating ou

hat there are healthy choices while eating out.

8.Energy Drinks and Food Bars: Power or Hype?

( [|http://kidshealth.org/teen/nutrition_fitness_center/nutrition/energy.html#] )

This article explores energy drinks and food bars and are they good for you or not.The article explains that protein bars or energy bars can be more beneficial than eating chips and candy; however, they are full of sugar and caffeine which can add extra weight if one is not being active. As for energy drinks, the article talks about the amount of caffeine within them and how they should not be use to hydrate because there is too much caffeine.

Energy drinks are becoming more of an issue among youth as they are consuming these drinks on a daily basis. Informing students of the lack of nutritional content that energy drinks contain and the effects on the body are important. Teaching students how to read labels and ingredients is also important so they understand what it is they are putting in their bodies.

InquiryQuestions:

1. Should students be taking supplements?

2. Why was family studies taken out the grade 7/8 Curriculum?

3. What are the effects of energy drinks on children?

In Ontario, there are three subject associations that provide support for Family Studies education. These sites have many resources and ideas for teaching nutrition.

Ontario Family Studies and Home Economics Educators Association

http://www.ofsheea.ca

Ontario Family Studies Leadership Council

http://www.ofslc.org

Ontario Home Economics Association

http://www.ohea.on.ca

Outside Ontario, you can also find Home Economics Associations that provide resources for teachers. They include:

British Columbia: Teachers of Home Economics Specialist Association

@http://bctf.ca/THESA/

Saskatchewan

@http://www.homefamily.net/

Manitoba

@http://www.mahe.ca/

Alberta

@http://www.ahea.ab.ca/

American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences

@http://www.aafcs.org/

Other sites

Health Canada: Nutritional Labelling

[]

Food Miles Calculator (great for a math lesson)

[]

Good Eats Unit (an integrated unit on nutrition and health)

[]

It would be interesting to know if there was an added focus on nutrition in the kindergarten-Grade 8 health curriculum after Family Studies was removed in Grades 7 & 8. I believe that the focus on nutrition should start in the primary years before students become addicted to unhealthy food.

//<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">The Effects of Mental Imagery on Athletic performance //

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Summary: Mental visualization helps the performance of athletes; however, physical practice is still required. This visual imagery discussed. The article concludes more studies need to be done to determine when and why imagery techniques are or are not effective.

2. //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Mental Practice Combined With Physical Practice for Upper-Limb Motor Deficit in Subacute Stroke //

[]

Summary: In the current health care environment, mental practice has potential as a useful method for practicing motor skills.

3. //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Mental Imagery //

__ [] __

Summary: When an athlete is in a [|relaxed state], they are aware of mental imagery. The next stage is then to learn how to [|develop and apply these mental imagery skills] for their own benefit.

4. //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">American Dietetic Association attempting to monopolize nutritional advice //

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Summary: The American Dietetic Association is threatening the nutrition industry by denying access to qualified professionals.

5. //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Developing Imagery skills //

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Summary: There are five main categories of imagery: motivational-specific, motivational general-mastery, motivational general, cognitive specific and cognitive general. It adds clarity, vividness, emotion, control and positive outcomes in mental imagery.


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">6. **//<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Beverage Consumption Patterns in Elementary School Aged Children across a Two-Year Period //

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Summary: Diet soda consumption was the only type of beverage associated with year 2 BMI Z-score. The consumption was greater in overweight subjects and subjects who gained weight as compared to normal weight subjects in two years.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 24px;">7. **//**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 24px;">A Woman's Diet Prior To Pregnancy Affects the Health Of Her Future Offspring **//

[]

Summary: A poor diet before conception can result in reduced birth baby weights and an increased risk of the child developing type II [|diabetes] and [|obesity].

8. //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Adolescent Substance Abuse //

[]

Summary: Even small degrees of substance abuse (for example, alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants) can have negative repercussions.


 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 18.6667px;">3 Inquiry questions **

Does mental imagery help performance of physical skills and tasks?

Does Health diet effect students’ performance in school?

Skill Development

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">1. National Association for Sports and Physical Education

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">(2011). Physical

Education Is Critical to Educating the Whole Child. Retrieved Jul 12, 2011,

from <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">National Association for Sports and Physical Education Web site:

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">[]

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">/upload/Physical-Education-Is-Critical-to-Educating-the-Whole-Child-Final-5-19-2011.pdf

This article

examines the issues related to the quality and quantity of physical education

programs- physical and psychomotor skill development. Specifically, the

discrepancies between the nationally recommended amount of physical activity

and the actual amount of physical activity- for students in U.S. schools. For

example, research indicated that 95% of high schools require students to

participate in physical education- however only 2% high schools provide the

nationally recommended daily physical education over the entire school year.

Hence, students at all grade levels are not given enough opportunities to hone

and “demonstrates competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to

perform a variety of physical activities, develop understanding of movement

concepts, principles, strategies and tactics as they apply to the learning and

performance of physical activities” (pg. 2)

2. Better Health Channel. Fundamental movement and motor skill

development programs. Retrieved Jul 13, 2011 from Better Health Channel Web

site: []

D6276E9DCA25788B000CFFD9/$FILE/FundamentalMovementAndMotorSkillDevelopmentPrograms.pdf

This article examines the fundamental motor

skills among children and the impact that quality physical education has on

their success and participation in sport and other physical activities. Inquiry

questions include; how can developing a student’s motor skill improve their

emotional wellbeing? For students struggling in physical education- what types

of progressive activities can be used to accommodate them during their growth

process?

Nutrition

3. Globe and Mail (2011). Is juice in schools really that much better

than pop? Retrieved Jul 13, 2011, from Globe and Mail Web site: []

The article describes the influence the Ontario government has over

all students’ educational experiences. Instead of focusing on academics- this

article focuses on the issues of nutrition, namely the banning of the sales of

pop for fruit juices. This is an interesting issue you can discuss with your

students- for example; is soft drink sugar any better than fruit juice sugar-

gram per gram? What do they think empty calories mean? Does adding vitamins

into a drink make it healthier? These are just some of the inquiry questions

you can ask your students.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">4.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">Center Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Children’s Food Environment State

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">Indicator Report, 2011. Retrieved Jul 12, 2011, from Center Disease Control and Prevention Web site: []

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">This

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">article examines indicators influencing childhood obesity. The article examined

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">several indicators and strategies to reduce the impact on childhood obesity.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">For example, behavioural, policy and environmental. Inquiry questions include;

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">what strategies can you promote- to reduce the average (approx 3hrs) time a

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">child spends watching television? What

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">factors would motivate a child to choose a healthier alternative (i.e.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">food)? Is higher consumption of sugar

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Garamond','serif';">foods the top reason for childhood obesity? Why or why not?

Substance Abuse

5. Castlegar News (2001).

Police strike new charter with schools and community groups. Retrieved

Jul 13, 2011, from Castlegar News Web site: [|http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/castlegarnews]

[|/news/124738064.html]

This article discusses a government strategy to control and educate

students regard substance use and abuse. The strategy employs the expertise of

the RCMP as a community mediator. For example, issues such as alcohol and sex

are addressed thorough the “Keep it wise” program. Similarly, the “Birthday Party” programs

educate students about age appropriate substance use (e.g. alcohol) and illegal substance use. As

people in a power position, RCMPs run workshops and programs related to the

above issues. Inquiry questions include; will the power of persuasion or suggestion

be more powerful if your teacher told you the message or an RCMP? Why? Is there

a “right” age to drink and smoke? Is there such thing as recreational use of

drugs? If certain substances were made legal (e.g. marihuana)- would people use

it responsibly?

6. Toronto Sun (2011). 'Smartie parties' common among Ontario.

Retrieved Jul 13, 2011, from Toronto Sun Web site:

teenshttp://www.torontosun.com/2011/06/27/smartie-parties-common-among-ontario-teens.

The article examines the misconception of “prescription” drugs as

being safe. There is a growing trend- where children are stealing or buying

prescription drugs (e.g. opiates- oxycotin) and overdosing. The article

suggests several strategies to overcome this alarming trend (e.g. educating

students at a younger age). Inquiry questions you can ask are; What is the

difference between illegal, non-prescription, and prescription drugs? Which is

safer? Why or why not? What are the signs and symptoms of overdose and what to

do?

Traditional and Non traditional sports

7. Communication, Learning and Coaching to Drive Behavioral and

Organizational Change (2011). Geocaching Part 3- Geocaching in Secondary School

and Higher Education. Retrieved Jul 13, 2011, from Communication, Learning and

Coaching to Drive Behavioral and Organizational Change Web site:[]

The article illustrates how to implement geocaching into the

curriculum to promote student knowledge, skill and critical thinking skills. It

provides strategies to promote cross-curricular achievement and authentic

participation. Some interesting content/activity specific inquiry questions

include; after locating all of the earth items (e.g. plants, rocks etc)- what

successional stage are the plants in your community? You have 25 minutes to

visit all of the specified locations- after gathering the tools/objects- how

can you build XYZ to do ABC?

8. Homeschooling Programs (2011). Importance of Physical Education.

Retrieved Jul 13, 2011, from Homeschooling Programs Web site:

[] homeschooling-programs/importance-of-physical-education.html

This article examines martial arts as a non-traditional sport that

can be taught to students to promote physical fitness, self-concept, and

cognitive abilities. It illustrates how martial art skills and knowledge can be

incorporated into the curriculum to reflect the Governments learning

expectations (e.g. transference of skills). Inquiry questions you can ask are;

what types of fitness can martial arts enhance? How do you promote leadership

and team playing in martial arts? Will teaching martial arts skills promote

bullying or promote positive self-control?